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EW 105 : space electronic warfare /

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Main Author: Adamy, David (Author)
Format: Book
Language:English
Series:Artech House electronic warfare library.
Subjects:
Electronics in military engineering.
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Table of Contents:
  • Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Orbital Relationships
  • 1.2. Book Flow
  • 1.3. History of Signal Intelligence Satellite Programs
  • 1.4. A Note about Orbital Calculations in This Book
  • 2. Spherical Trigonometry
  • 2.1. Plane Trigonometry
  • 2.1.1. The Law of Sines
  • 2.1.2. The Law of Cosines for Sides
  • 2.1.3. The Law of Cosines for Angles
  • 2.1.4. Right Plane Triangle
  • 2.2. The Spherical Triangle
  • 2.3. Trigonometric Relationships in Any Spherical Triangle
  • 2.3.1. Law of Sines for Spherical Triangles
  • 2.3.2. Law or Cosines tor Sides
  • 2.3.3. Law of Cosines for Angles
  • 2.3.4. The Right Spherical Triangle
  • 2.3.5. Napier's Rules
  • 2.4. Examples of Plane and Spherical Triangles Used in Problems
  • 3. Orbit Mechanics
  • 3.1. Elements of an Elliptical Orbit
  • 3.2. Relationship Between the Size of an Orbit and Its Period
  • 3.3. SVP
  • 3.4. An Earth Surface Location
  • 3.5. The Propagation Distance
  • 3.6. Earth Traces
  • 3.6.1. Satellite Earth Trace
  • 3.6.2. Polar Orbit Earth Traces
  • 3.6.3. Synchronous Satellite Earth Traces
  • 3.7. Location of an EW Threat
  • 3.7.1. Calculating the Look Angles
  • 3.7.2. Calculating the Azimuth to the Threat
  • 3.7.3. Calculating Range and Elevation to the Threat Location
  • 3.8. Calculating the Distance to the Horizon
  • 3.8.1. Horizon Distances for Circular Orbits
  • 4. Radio Propagation
  • 4.1. Introduction
  • 4.2. One-Way Link
  • 4.3. Propagation Loss Models
  • 4.3.1. LOS Propagation
  • 4.3.2. Two-Ray Propagation
  • 4.3.3. Minimum Antenna Height for Two-Ray Propagation
  • 4.3.4. A Note about Very Low Antennas
  • 4.3.5. Fresnel Zone
  • 4.3.6. Complex Reflection Environment
  • 4.3.7. KED
  • 4.3.8. Atmospheric Loss
  • 4.3.9. Rain and Fog Attenuation
  • 5. Radio Propagation In Space
  • 5.1. LOS Loss
  • 5.1.1. Atmospheric Loss
  • 5.2. Antenna Misalignment
  • 5.3. Polarization Loss
  • 5.4. Rain Loss
  • 6. Satellite Links
  • 6.1. Link Geometry
  • 6.1.1. Looking Down
  • 6.1.2. Plug in Some Orbit Numbers
  • 6.1.3. Looking Up
  • 6.2. Uplinks
  • 6.2.1. Command Links
  • 6.2.2. Intercept Links
  • 6.3. Downlinks
  • 6.3.1. Telemetry Link
  • 6.3.2. Data Link
  • 6.3.3. Links to Data Users
  • 6.3.4. Jamming Links
  • 6.4. Hostile Links
  • 7. Link Vulnerability To Ew
  • 7.1. Satellite Vulnerability
  • 7.1.1. Space-Related Link Losses
  • 7.1.2. Intercept
  • 7.1.3. Spoofing
  • 7.1.4. Jamming
  • 7.1.5. Problems Worked in This Chapter
  • 7.2. Downlink Intercept
  • 7.2.1. Geocentric Angle from the Satellite to the Intercept Site
  • 7.2.2. Range from the Satellite to the Intercept Site
  • 7.2.3. Is the Satellite Above the Horizon from the Intercept Site?
  • 7.2.4. How Strong Is the Downlink Signal at the Intercept Site
  • 7.2.5. Intercept with Directional Antennas
  • 7.2.6. Angles Relative to the Ground Control Station
  • 7.2.7. Angles Relative to the Hostile Intercept Site
  • 7.2.8. Received Signal at the Intercept Site
  • 7.2.9. What Is the Quality of the Intercepted Downlink Signal?
  • 7.3. Intercepting Uplinks
  • 7.4. Jamming Downlinks
  • 7.4.1. The Satellite Downlink
  • 7.4.2. The Jammer Link
  • 7.4.3. The J/S Formula
  • 7.5. Jamming Satellite Uplinks
  • 7.5.1. The Jamming Link
  • 7.5.2. Jamming Link Loss
  • 7.5.3. Gain of 4-m Jamming Antenna at 5 GHz
  • 7.5.4. Jammer ERP
  • 7.5.5. The Satellite Uplink
  • 7.5.6. Gain of 2-m Uplink Transmitter Antenna
  • 7.5.7. Uplink ERP
  • 7.5.8. Uplink Loss
  • 7.5.9. Gain and Bandwidth of the Uplink Receiving Antenna on the Satellite
  • 7.5.10. Antenna 3-dB Beamwidth
  • 7.5.11. Offset of the Jammer from the Downlink Receiving Antenna
  • 7.5.12. The J/S
  • 7.6. Electronic Protection of Satellite Links
  • 7.6.1. Attacks on Links
  • 7.6.2. Protection Against Jamming
  • 8. Duration And Frequency Of Observations
  • 8.1. Calculating the Distance to the Horizon
  • 8.2. Horizon Distances for Circular Orbits
  • 8.3. Calculating the Duration of Target Availability from a Satellite
  • 8.3.1. Geocentric Viewing Angle
  • 8.3.2. Time During Which a Satellite Can See a Point on the Earth
  • 8.3.3. The Impact of the Movement of the Earth
  • 8.3.4. Viewing Time Formula
  • 8.4. Doppler Shift in Satellite Link
  • 8.4.1. Doppler Shift Formula
  • 8.4.2. Receiving Site Velocity
  • 8.4.3. Satellite Velocity
  • 8.4.4. General Formula for Maximum Doppler Shift
  • 8.4.5. General Formula for the Doppler Shift
  • 9. Intercept From Space
  • 9.1. Intercept of Radar Signal from Low-Earth Satellite
  • 9.1.1. Link Loss
  • 9.1.2. LOS Loss
  • 9.1.3. Atmospheric and Rain Loss
  • 9.1.4. Can the Satellite Payload Receive the Signal?
  • 9.1.5. Receiver Sensitivity
  • 9.1.6. Link Margin
  • 9.1.7. Could the Satellite Receive the Signal from Its Horizon?
  • 9.1.8. How Long Will the Satellite See the Signal?
  • 9.2. Horizon Plot on the Earth
  • 9.3. Intercept of the Earth Surface Target Using a Narrow-Beam Receiving Antenna
  • 9.3.1. Antenna Pointing
  • 9.3.2. Intercept Link Equation
  • 9.3.3. Link Losses
  • 9.3.4. Intercept from the Horizon
  • 9.4. Intercept from the Synchronous Satellite
  • 9.4.1. With the Satellite on the Horizon
  • 9.4.2. With the Satellite Directly Overhead
  • 10. Jamming From Space
  • 10.1. Jamming of a Ground Signal from a Satellite
  • 10.2. Jamming from a Satellite
  • 10.3. Jamming of a Communications Network
  • 10.3.1. The Network
  • 10.3.2. Link Equations
  • 10.3.3. J/S
  • 10.4. Jamming a Microwave Digital Data Link
  • 10.5. Jamming of a Ground Radar from Space
  • 10.5.1. Radar Jamming from a Satellite
  • 10.5.2. The Jammed Radar and Its Target
  • 10.5.3. The Jammer
  • 10.5.4. The Jamming Equation
  • 10.5.5. The Jamming Adequacy
  • 10.5.6. Protecting an Asset with Low Radar Cross-Section
  • 10.5.7. Duration of Jamming
  • A. FORMULAS FROM SIGNAL INTELLIGENCE AND EW
  • A.1. Intercept Formulas
  • A.1.1. Successful Intercept
  • A.1.2. The Intercept Link Equation
  • A.1.3. Received Signal Quality
  • A.2. Communication Jamming
  • A.2.1. Successful Communications Jamming
  • A.2.2. Communications J/S
  • A.2.3. Communications EP
  • A.3. Radar Jamming
  • A.3.1. Successful Radar Jamming
  • A.3.2. Self-Protection Jamming
  • A.3.3. Stand-Off Jamming
  • A.3.4. Required J/S
  • A.3.5. Radar EP
  • B. Important Numbers For Space EW
  • C. Decibel Math
  • C.1. Decibel Numbers
  • C.2. Conversion to Decibel Form
  • C.3. Absolute Values in Decibel Form
  • C.4. Decibel Forms of Equations
  • C.5. Quick Conversions to Decibel Values.

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